Summary
In an agroforestry system, nutrients from the subsoil can be made available to food plants through the absorption process by trees with deep roots. However, shade from canopy tree plants can suppress photosynthesis and reduce food crop production and farmer income [INCM]. This antagonism needs to be evaluated when introducing agroforestry programs into monoculture food crop areas to reduce manufactured chemical fertilizers application. This research was carried out from June to August 2023 at Natar District, South Lampung Regency to determine the effect of tree strata (teak, acacia, and albizia), multi-proposed tree species or MPTS (Parkia speciosa, avocado, and jack fruit), shrubs (coffee and cacao), and ground cover (vegetables, peanut, and soybean) to [INCM]. Interviewing forty responde
Regional applicability
The findings are specific to Indonesian upland agroforestry systems in South Lampung and may have limited direct applicability to United Kingdom farming conditions, which differ markedly in climate, tree species availability, and market conditions. However, the methodological approach to evaluating species-specific income trade-offs in mixed farming systems could inform UK agroforestry policy and extension advice.
Key measures
Farmer net income (USD), tree species composition (teak, acacia, albizia, Parkia speciosa, avocado, jackfruit), shrub species (coffee, cacao), ground cover species (vegetables, peanuts, soybeans), productive asset ownership, chemical fertilizer application rates, compost use, pesticide use
Outcomes reported
The study measured the economic impact of different tree species, multi-purpose tree species, shrubs, and ground cover on farmer income in agroforestry systems integrated with upland rice, corn, and cassava. Income effects were quantified in USD terms using an ordinary least squares regression model.
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