Summary
This modelling study applies a global food and land system framework to evaluate 23 food system measures against 15 indicators of health, environmental and social outcomes to 2050. While individual measures present trade-offs, their combined implementation is estimated to reduce annual mortality by 182 million life years, nearly halve nitrogen surplus, and achieve the 1.5 °C climate target when integrated with non-food-system measures. The work demonstrates that strategic food system transformation can simultaneously address public health, environmental protection and social inclusion objectives.
UK applicability
As a global modelling study, the findings provide a high-level framework applicable to UK food policy strategy. However, the 23 measures and their effectiveness will require contextualisation to UK agricultural capacity, dietary patterns, trade dependencies and existing regulatory structures to inform domestic policy implementation.
Key measures
Mortality reduction (life years), nitrogen surplus, absolute poverty, greenhouse gas emissions, climate target achievement (1.5 °C)
Outcomes reported
The study quantified the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators spanning public health, environment, social inclusion and economics through 2050. Key measured outcomes included annual mortality reduction, nitrogen surplus reduction, and poverty impacts.
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