Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits

Marco Springmann, Michael Clark, Daniel Mason-D’Croz, Keith Wiebe, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Luis Lassaletta, W. de Vries, Sonja Vermeulen, Mario Herrero, Kimberly M. Carlson, Malin Jonell, Max Troell, Fabrice DeClerck, Line Gordon, Rami Zurayk, Peter Scarborough, Mike Rayner, Brent Loken, Jessica Fanzo, H. Charles J. Godfray, David Tilman, Johan Rockström, Walter C. Willett

Nature · 2018

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Summary

This Nature paper by Springmann and colleagues presents an integrated global analysis of pathways to align the food system with planetary boundaries whilst meeting future nutritional requirements. The work models scenarios combining dietary shifts, agricultural productivity gains, and waste reduction, suggesting that no single intervention suffices alone; rather, combined strategies across production and consumption are necessary. The analysis as presented suggests implications for policy frameworks aimed at sustainable food security.

UK applicability

The findings are relevant to UK food policy and dietary guidelines, particularly regarding how domestic agricultural productivity and import-dependent food security interact with global environmental limits. UK-specific application would require localisation of the modelled scenarios to reflect national production systems, trade patterns, and consumption patterns.

Key measures

Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO₂-eq), land use (hectares), freshwater consumption (m³), reactive nitrogen use (kg N), phosphorus use (kg P), and nutritional adequacy metrics across global regions

Outcomes reported

The study examined options for keeping the global food system within planetary boundaries across multiple environmental indicators including greenhouse gas emissions, land use, freshwater use, and nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. It assessed how dietary changes, agricultural improvements, and food waste reduction could achieve sustainable food production while meeting nutritional needs.

Theme
Climate & resilience
Subject
Food security & global nutrition
Study type
Research
Study design
Policy report / Integrated assessment modelling
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Global
System type
Food supply chain
DOI
10.1038/s41586-018-0594-0
Catalogue ID
BFmou2mlyw-4o29im

Topic tags

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