Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Global adherence to a healthy and sustainable diet and potential reduction in premature death

Xiao Gu, Linh Bui, Fenglei Wang, Dong D. Wang, Marco Springmann, Walter C. Willett

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2024

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Summary

This analysis quantifies current global adherence to the Planetary Health Diet—a reference dietary pattern designed to balance human health and environmental sustainability—and projects mortality gains from dietary shifts. Using data from three large US cohorts (206,404 participants, 54,536 deaths), the authors estimate that improving global mean PHDI from the current 85 to 120 could prevent approximately 15 million deaths annually (27% of total mortality), with the largest gains in cardiovascular disease prevention (2.5 million deaths). The findings suggest that alignment with sustainable dietary guidelines would deliver substantial direct health benefits across multiple disease classes.

UK applicability

The study's US cohort data may not directly represent UK population health patterns or dietary baseline adherence, though the Planetary Health Diet framework and prevention estimates could inform UK nutrition policy and public health strategies. UK-specific epidemiological data would be needed to refine mortality prevention estimates for the British population.

Key measures

Planetary Health Dietary Index (PHDI, scale 0–140); national and global mean PHDI; total and cause-specific preventable mortality (deaths per year); mortality risk reduction by disease category

Outcomes reported

The study quantified global and national adherence to the Planetary Health Diet using the Planetary Health Dietary Index (PHDI), and estimated preventable deaths from all causes and specific disease categories if global dietary patterns shifted towards the reference diet.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Dietary patterns & chronic disease
Study type
Research
Study design
Observational cohort analysis with mortality modelling
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Global
System type
Food supply chain
DOI
10.1073/pnas.2319008121
Catalogue ID
BFmovbmp89-j8cf8v

Topic tags

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