Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> seroconversion in neonatal calves in an infected dairy herd attributable to ingestion of imported colostrum replacer rather than vertical transmission

Ana Rabaza, Matías A. Dorsch, Mark C. Eisler, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Melissa Macías-Rioseco, Virginia Aráoz, Anderson Saravia, D. Caffarena, Camila Ferrando, Alejandro Mendoza, Martín Fraga, Leticia Zarantonelli, Federico Giannitti

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · 2026

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Summary

This investigation of a C. burnetii abortion cluster in a Uruguayan Holstein dairy herd revealed that congenital transmission to live-born calves was not a major route of infection, with all calves testing seronegative at birth. Unexpectedly, 95% of seronegative neonatal calves seroconverted within 24 hours of ingesting an imported commercial colostrum replacer, suggesting contamination of the replacer product rather than natural vertical transmission. This finding has important implications for seroepidemiological surveillance in herds using colostrum replacers, as passive transfer of maternal antibodies from replacer contamination may be misinterpreted as evidence of herd infection.

UK applicability

UK dairy farms using imported colostrum replacers may face similar contamination risks with C. burnetii or other pathogens, with implications for disease surveillance and herd health monitoring. The findings underscore the importance of verifying the microbial safety of colostrum replacer products used in UK herds and considering product source as a confounding factor in seroprevalence surveys.

Key measures

C. burnetii anti-IgG seropositivity by ELISA; C. burnetii DNA detection by PCR; seroprevalence in cows at parturition (22.5%); PCR positivity in cows (4.9%); seroconversion rate in calves post-colostrum replacer ingestion (95%)

Outcomes reported

The study determined seroprevalence of C. burnetii in a dairy herd during an abortion cluster, assessed vertical transmission routes to live-born calves, and identified unexpected seroconversion in neonatal calves following colostrum replacer ingestion. Serological and PCR testing were used to distinguish maternal antibodies from active infection.

Theme
Measurement & metrics
Subject
Animal health & welfare
Study type
Research
Study design
Observational cohort
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Uruguay
System type
Dairy
DOI
10.1177/10406387261426475
Catalogue ID
BFmovi1swh-s7rq59

Topic tags

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