Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Respiratory viral infections awaken metastatic breast cancer cells in lungs

Shi B. Chia, Bryan Johnson, Junxiao Hu, Felipe Valença-Pereira, Marc Chadeau‐Hyam, Fernando Guntoro, Hugh Montgomery, Meher P. Boorgula, Varsha Sreekanth, Andrew Goodspeed, Bennett Davenport, Marco De Dominici, Vadym Zaberezhnyy, Wolfgang E Schleicher, Dexiang Gao, Andreia N. Cadar, Lucia Petriz-Otaño, Michael Papanicolaou, Afshin Beheshti, Stephen B. Baylin, Joseph W. Guarnieri, Douglas C. Wallace, James C. Costello, Jenna M. Bartley, Thomas E. Morrison, Roel Vermeulen, Julio A. Aguirre‐Ghiso, Mercedes Rincón, James DeGregori

Nature · 2025

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Summary

This study reveals a mechanistic link between respiratory viral infection and metastatic cancer resurgence, demonstrating in mouse models that influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections trigger loss of dormancy in breast cancer cells through interleukin-6-dependent mechanisms and impaired T cell immunity. Human epidemiological analysis of UK Biobank and Flatiron Health cohorts substantiates these findings, showing substantially elevated risks of cancer-related mortality and lung metastasis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings suggest that respiratory viral outbreaks pose a significant risk to cancer survivors and highlight the importance of enhanced clinical monitoring during viral epidemics.

UK applicability

The findings have direct relevance to UK cancer survivors, particularly given widespread SARS-CoV-2 exposure and ongoing respiratory viral circulation. These results may inform UK clinical practice guidelines for enhanced surveillance and supportive care in cancer survivors during respiratory viral outbreaks, and support investment in infection prevention strategies within this vulnerable population.

Key measures

DCC proliferation rates, carcinoma cell expansion, interleukin-6 levels, T cell activation and CD4/CD8 ratios, cancer-related mortality risk, lung metastasis incidence in infected versus uninfected cancer survivors

Outcomes reported

The study demonstrated that influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections trigger loss of dormancy in breast cancer cells in the lungs, leading to rapid metastatic expansion within two weeks in mouse models. Human observational data from UK Biobank and Flatiron Health cohorts showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increased cancer-related mortality and lung metastasis risk in cancer survivors.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Antimicrobial resistance
Study type
Research
Study design
Mixed methods: experimental animal models combined with observational cohort analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
International
System type
Laboratory / in vitro
DOI
10.1038/s41586-025-09332-0
Catalogue ID
BFmovi1x8l-1z9rjy

Topic tags

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