Summary
This laboratory study characterised the phytochemical profile of Sida acuta leaf oil extract and evaluated its potential as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides for mosquito control. Qualitative analysis revealed high levels of alkaloids, steroids, and phenols, whilst quantitative screening confirmed nine additional bioactive compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids, and cyanides. However, larvicidal bioassays demonstrated limited practical efficacy, with mortality rates of only 1–3% after 72 hours and no statistically significant differences across treatments or collection times.
UK applicability
The findings have limited direct application to UK public health practice, as Aedes aegypti transmission is not endemic to the United Kingdom. However, the methodological approach to phytochemical screening and in vitro bioassay of plant extracts may inform research into native British plant species for pest management applications.
Key measures
Qualitative phytochemical analysis; quantitative screening of nine bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, cyanides, oxalates, phytates); larval knockdown within first hour; larval mortality at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exposure across six concentrations (12.5–125 ppb)
Outcomes reported
The study determined the phytochemical profile of Sida acuta leaf oil extract using qualitative and quantitative methods, and assessed its larvicidal activity against first-instar Aedes aegypti larvae across varying concentrations and collection times. Mortality rates were recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exposure.
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