Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

The nutritional quality of cereals varies geospatially in Ethiopia and Malawi

Dawd Gashu, Patson C. Nalivata, Tilahun Amede, E. Louise Ander, Elizabeth H. Bailey, Lester Botoman, Christopher Chagumaira, S. Gameda, Stephan M. Haefele, K. Hailu, Edward J. M. Joy, Alexander Kalimbira, Diriba B. Kumssa, R. M. Lark, I. S. Ligowe, S. P. McGrath, Alice E. Milne, Abdul‐Wahab Mossa, Moses Munthali, Erick K. Towett, Markus Walsh, Lolita Wilson, Scott D. Young, Martin R. Broadley

Nature · 2021

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Summary

This study demonstrates that micronutrient composition of staple cereal grains varies significantly across geographically defined subnational regions in Ethiopia and Malawi, driven by soil and environmental factors including pH, organic matter, temperature, rainfall and topography. For rural households reliant on locally sourced food, geographic location emerged as a major determinant of micronutrient dietary intake from cereals. The findings suggest that micronutrient interventions such as fortification and biofortification should account for geospatial variation, which can exceed the magnitude of intervention effects.

UK applicability

Direct applicability to the UK context is limited, as the study focuses on sub-Saharan African agroecological conditions and smallholder farming systems. However, the methodological approach of characterising geospatial micronutrient variation in staple grains and linking it to soil and environmental covariates could inform UK food composition databases and regional nutritional assessment.

Key measures

Micronutrient concentrations (calcium, iron, selenium, zinc) in cereal grains; soil properties (pH, organic matter); environmental variables (temperature, rainfall, topography); biomarkers of selenium dietary status

Outcomes reported

The study measured calcium, iron, selenium and zinc concentrations in staple cereal grains across most cereal production areas in Ethiopia and Malawi, and identified geospatial variation in micronutrient composition at subnational scales. Associations were established between soil and environmental covariates (pH, organic matter, temperature, rainfall, topography) and grain micronutrient concentrations, and between grain selenium concentration and biomarkers of dietary selenium status.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Crop nutrient density & mineral composition
Study type
Research
Study design
Field survey with spatial analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
International
System type
Arable cereals
DOI
10.1038/s41586-021-03559-3
Catalogue ID
BFmowc2359-5azk4p

Topic tags

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