Summary
Excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), as described by the NOVA classification system, represents a potential threat to human health. The nutritional composition of UPFs may explain their observed adverse effects. The present study aimed to provide a quantitative meta-analysis of nationally representative surveys on the consumption of UPFs and the dietary/nutrient composition of respondents’ diets. A systematic search for relevant studies published prior to July 2021 was conducted via electronic databases. The studies that provided the dietary/nutrient composition of foods categorized according to the NOVA classification system were selected. The association between UPFs and other dietary variables was modelled using ordinary least squares linear regression based on aggregated data extracted from the selected articles. Consumption of UPFs represented up to 80% of total caloric intake in the US and Canada, with confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages being the most consumed items. When considered in relation to other food groups, an inverse linear relation between UPFs and less-processed foods was evident. Increased UPF intake correlated with an increase in free sugars, total fats, and saturated fats, as well as a decrease in fiber, protein, potassium, zinc, and magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, E, B12, and niacin. In conclusion, the data indicate that increased UPF consumption negatively affects the nutritional quality of diets.
Outcomes reported
Referenced by Lancet Public Health FOPL RCT as citation 3; likely supports topic area: ultra-processed foods / UPF; diet quality / nutrition / dietary guidelines; nutrient cycling / nitrogen / phosphorus / eutrophication. Topics: diet quality / nutrition / dietary guidelines; nutrient cycling / nitrogen / phosphorus / eutrophication; ultra-processed foods / UPF Evidence type: Review / synthesis Source report: Lancet Public Health FOPL RCT Ref#: Lancet Public Health FOPL RCT #3 Original: Martini D, Godos J, Bonaccio M, Vitaglione P, Grosso G. Ultraprocessed foods and nutritional dietary profile: a meta-analysis of nationally representative samples. Nutrients 2021; 13: 3390.
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