Summary
Abstract Background The synthesis of nanomaterials has traditionally relied on methods that pose significant environmental risks due to high-energy demands, hazardous chemicals, and waste generation. For instance, conventional techniques such as chemical vapor deposition and the sol–gel process are known for their high-energy consumption and the production of toxic by-products. This context emphasizes the importance of sustainability in nanomaterial synthesis, leading to a shift toward more eco-friendly methods that integrate principles of green chemistry to lessen the influence on the environment. This transition addresses the harmful effects associated with traditional approaches and promotes the use of renewable resources, such as biomass and agricultural waste, in nanomaterial producti
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