Summary
Understanding soil–plant–microbe inter- and interactions is essential for ensuring proper soil health, quality, and soil-mediated ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling) required for human–plant–animal life. Intensive and unsustainable farming practices can decrease soil microbial biodiversity, fertility, and quality leading to soil degradation, impaired nutrient cycling, and the incapability of soil to support plant growth. Under such a context, soil biological fertility can appear as a regenerative component that has the potential to harmonize and improve soil’s physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The review study expresses the micro biome in the rhizosphere, microbial nutrient cycling, and biological soil crusts as the major components of soil biological fertility, and ex
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