Summary
Contemporary crop management practices are labor, water, and energy inefficient. Identifying a sustainable, productive, and resource-efficient alternate crop production system to the present crop management system is crucial. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) on crop growth, productivity, and resource use efficiency under the maize-wheat-greengram system during 9th (2018–19) and 10th (2019–20) years of the study. CA-based bed planting methods such as permanent narrow, broad and flat beds with and without retention of crops residues and 75% and 100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen (N) were compared with conventional tillage (CT) treatment. The permanent broad bed with residue with 100% recommended dose of N (PBB + R + 100N) resulted
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