Summary
This review investigates dietary strategies aimed at enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a special focus on recent meta-analysis evidence supporting the use of probiotics and synbiotics. Dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean, low-carbohydrate, high-fiber, and plant-based diets, have shown significant promise in modulating glucose metabolism through mechanisms involving insulin receptor activation, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor signaling, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) regulation. Additionally, probiotics and synbiotics have emerged as complementary approaches, enhancing gut microbiota composition and improving insulin sensitivity through reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. The integration o
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