Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 4 — Narrative / commentaryPeer-reviewed

Navigating the Protein Transition: Why Dairy and Its Matrix Matter Amid Rising Plant Protein Trends.

Oliver C. Witard; Aslı Devrim-Lanpir; M. C. McKinley; D. I. Givens

Nutrition research reviews · 2025

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Summary

This narrative review examines the nutritional implications of the so-called protein transition — the population-level dietary shift away from animal proteins, particularly dairy, towards plant-based alternatives. The authors argue that simple substitution of dairy protein with plant protein results in reduced protein quality and compromised micronutrient intake, partly due to antagonistic matrix effects in plant foods that reduce bioavailability and are not adequately captured in standard food composition data or dietary guidelines. The paper further highlights the dairy matrix effect on blood lipid modulation and calls for broader, non-muscle-centric approaches to protein recommendations.

UK applicability

The findings are directly applicable to UK nutrition policy and dietary guidance, particularly given ongoing revisions to sustainable dietary recommendations and the UK government's consideration of protein transition pathways; the paper's critique of current dietary guidelines has relevance for bodies such as SACN and the NHS Eatwell Guide.

Key measures

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) or digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS); micronutrient bioavailability; blood lipid levels; anabolic response to protein intake

Outcomes reported

The paper evaluates protein quality, micronutrient bioavailability, and physiological effects associated with replacing dairy protein with plant-based alternatives, including impacts on muscle anabolism, blood lipid profiles, and micronutrient intake.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Protein nutrition & dietary transitions
Study type
Narrative Review
Study design
Narrative review
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
International
System type
Human clinical
DOI
10.1017/s0954422425000101
Catalogue ID
NRmo3dpodv-00l

Topic tags

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