Summary
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised evidence from 19 observational studies to evaluate the prognostic significance of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in heart failure patients. Using a random-effects meta-analytic approach and adhering to PRISMA guidelines, the authors investigated whether low GNRI — indicative of malnutrition or nutritional risk — is independently associated with increased all-cause mortality. The findings are likely to support GNRI as a clinically useful nutritional screening tool for risk stratification in heart failure management, though the observational design of included studies limits causal inference.
UK applicability
While the study is international in scope, the findings are directly applicable to UK clinical practice, where malnutrition screening in hospitalised and community heart failure patients is a recognised priority under NHS guidelines and NICE recommendations for nutritional support in adults.
Key measures
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) score; all-cause mortality (hazard ratio or odds ratio); pooled effect estimates via random-effects meta-analysis (REML method)
Outcomes reported
The study assessed the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure across 19 observational studies involving 9,982 patients. It quantified the prognostic value of nutritional status, as measured by GNRI, for predicting mortality outcomes in this population.
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