Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Transition from irrigation with untreated wastewater to treated wastewater and associated benefits and risks

Benjamin Justus Heyde; Melanie Braun; Leila Soufi; Kathia Lüneberg; Sara Gallego; Wulf Amelung; Katharina Axtmann; Gabriele Bierbaum; Stefanie P. Glaeser; Elisabeth Grohmann; René Arredondo‐Hernández; Ines Mulder; Dipen Pulami; Kornelia Smalla; Christiane Zarfl; Christina Siebe; Jan Siemens

npj Clean Water · 2025

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Summary

This paper investigates the agronomic and environmental consequences of transitioning irrigated farmland from long-term untreated wastewater use to treated wastewater, a shift increasingly promoted on public health grounds. The study, involving a multidisciplinary team of soil scientists, microbiologists, and environmental chemists, likely draws on field sampling to characterise changes in soil chemistry, microbial ecology, and antimicrobial resistance gene loads. It contributes evidence on whether wastewater treatment delivers anticipated benefits in terms of reduced contamination and pathogen risk, whilst also identifying potential risks such as loss of nutrient inputs and altered soil microbiome dynamics.

UK applicability

Direct irrigation with untreated wastewater is not practised in the UK, making the specific transition context less immediately applicable; however, findings on treated effluent quality, antibiotic resistance gene dissemination via irrigation water, and soil microbiome impacts are relevant to UK policy discussions on water reuse, particularly as the UK develops frameworks for agricultural water recycling under post-Brexit environmental regulation.

Key measures

Soil microbial community composition; antibiotic resistance gene prevalence; heavy metal and contaminant concentrations; nutrient levels in soil and crops; pathogen indicators

Outcomes reported

The study examined the agronomic, environmental, and public health outcomes associated with replacing untreated wastewater irrigation with treated wastewater, including effects on soil health, microbial communities, antibiotic resistance, and contaminant loads. It likely assessed trade-offs between nutrient availability, pathogen reduction, and emerging pollutant profiles under each irrigation regime.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Water quality & irrigation management
Study type
Research
Study design
Field trial
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Mexico
System type
Irrigated arable / horticulture
DOI
10.1038/s41545-025-00438-6
Catalogue ID
NRmo3f02hq-03m

Topic tags

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