Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 4 — Narrative / commentaryPeer-reviewed

Concussion and the Autonomic, Immune, and Endocrine Systems: An Introduction to the Field and a Treatment Framework for Persisting Symptoms.

Pertab JL, Merkley TL, Winiarski H, Cramond KMJ, Cramond AJ.

J Pers Med · 2025

Read source ↗ All evidence

Summary

This paper provides a clinically oriented introduction to the role of autonomic, immune, and endocrine system disruption in the pathophysiology of concussion, with particular attention to cases where symptoms persist beyond the expected recovery period. Drawing on existing literature, the authors propose a treatment framework intended to guide personalised clinical management of post-concussive syndrome. The work contributes to an emerging interdisciplinary approach that moves beyond purely neurological models of concussion recovery.

UK applicability

Whilst this paper is not UK-specific, its clinical framework is applicable to UK practice, including NHS concussion management pathways and sport-related head injury protocols overseen by bodies such as the Concussion in Sport Group. UK clinicians working in neurology, sports medicine, and rehabilitation may find the proposed framework relevant to managing patients with persisting post-concussive symptoms.

Key measures

Autonomic nervous system function; neuroendocrine markers; immune response indicators; symptom persistence profiles; treatment response frameworks

Outcomes reported

The paper examines the physiological mechanisms by which concussion disrupts autonomic, immune, and endocrine functioning, and proposes a treatment framework for patients experiencing persisting post-concussive symptoms. It likely reviews symptom clusters and maps them to underlying system dysregulation to guide clinical management.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Neurological & brain health
Study type
Narrative Review
Study design
Narrative review
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
International
System type
Human clinical
DOI
10.3390/jpm15010033
Catalogue ID
NRmo3f02hq-0a6

Topic tags

Pulse AI · ask about this record

Dig deeper with Pulse AI.

Pulse AI has read the whole catalogue. Ask about this record, its theme, or how the findings apply to UK farming and policy — every answer cites the underlying studies.