Summary
The integration of biochar, compost, and other organic amendments in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation addresses key challenges in modern intensive production systems, including soil degradation, nutrient depletion, reduced microbial diversity, and vulnerability to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent evidence demonstrating that biochar produced via pyrolysis of diverse feedstocks (rice husk, wheat straw, cow bone, poultry litter) fundamentally enhances soil physicochemical and biological properties. Key improvements include reduced bulk density, increased porosity and water retention, elevated cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH buffering in acidic soils, enhanced nutrient retention (nitrogen and phosphorus), and stimulated
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