Summary
The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen dramatically in the United States over the past four decades, with similar patterns observed internationally. Thyroid cancer currently ranks as the 13th most common cancer diagnosis overall and the 6th most common among women. Because the greatest increases in incidence have been observed for small and localized tumors having the highest rate of survival, the incidence trends have been primarily attributed to overdiagnosis, resulting from more widespread use of diagnostic imaging and more sensitive diagnostic tools. Increasing incidence of large and advanced thyroid cancers, as well as thyroid cancer mortality, suggests that etiologic factors may have contributed to rising incidence of the disease, albeit to a lesser extent than overdiagnosis. Unti
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