Summary
Ensuring and maintaining food security, in the context of climate change, is a global challenge of the 21st century. It is necessary to maintain or enhance productivity from agriculture, while at the same time balancing environmental and social priorities – not only for the near future but the distant future also. To strike this balance at the farm-scale, timely decisions on agronomic management, system conversion and/or the adoption of a particular farming philosophy are warranted. Agroecosystem process-based models (PBMs) can be used to inform such climate smart decisions. For sustainable farming, PBMs can simulate processes for nutrient cycling and pollutants to water and air, which can be balanced with simulations for crop or livestock performance. As mathematical models, PBM
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