Summary
Abstract Cereals are the most cultivated and traded crops for food, feed, and industrial uses worldwide. Among other producing regions, Africa hosts 27% of the world's total cereal production. Like other staple crops, the production of cereals such as maize, rice, wheat, millet and sorghum in Sub-Saharan Africa is threatened by herbivorous pests and weeds leading to significant losses. The fall armyworm insect ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) reduces maize production by 21–53%, while the stem borers ( Busseola fusca ) account for 82% of all maize losses in Kenya. About 50% of yield loss in maize has been attributed to Imperata cylindrica infestations in Nigeria if not controlled. Parasitic weeds such as Striga spp. infest over 64% of cereal-cultivated lands in Africa resulting in yield losses of
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