Summary
This comparative analysis demonstrates that pulses represent among the lowest-cost plant-based protein sources whilst simultaneously exhibiting the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand relative to animal and other plant proteins. The paper integrates nutrient profiling, economic, and environmental life cycle assessment data to position pulses as a sustainable protein option that scores favourably on both nutritional density and affordability metrics. The authors conclude that pulses merit greater integration into global dietary guidance frameworks and sustainability policy.
UK applicability
Findings are directly applicable to UK nutrition and sustainability policy, particularly as the NHS and national dietary guidelines increasingly emphasise plant-based protein sources. UK domestic pulse production remains limited, so findings reinforce the case for promoting affordable imported pulses as an accessible sustainable protein option for lower-income populations.
Key measures
Cost per 100 g protein and per 100 kcal; greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE); energy demand; Nutrient Rich Food (NRF9.3) profiling score; Affordable Nutrition Index; micronutrient content
Outcomes reported
The study compared pulses (beans, lentils, chickpeas, dried peas) against other protein sources using nutrient profiling, cost analysis, and life cycle assessment data. Key findings assessed protein content, affordability per gram and per kilocalorie, greenhouse gas emissions, energy demand, and nutrient density scores.
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