Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 4 — Narrative / commentaryPeer-reviewedConventional

The duality of filamentous fungi: Beneficial uses and risks in the food industry

Luana Virgínia Souza, Raiane Rodrigues da Silva, Valéria Quintana Cavicchioli, Rafaela de Melo Tavares, Cinzia Lucia Randazzo, Cinzia Caggia, Antônio Fernandes de Carvalho, Luís Augusto Nero

Food Research International · 2025

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Summary

This review synthesises current knowledge on the dual role of filamentous fungi in the food industry, examining approximately 150,000 documented fungal species and their estimated 11 million total global diversity. The authors explore both established beneficial uses—including antibiotic production, cheese manufacturing, and enzyme/pigment generation—alongside significant risks including food spoilage, mould contamination, and mycotoxin production. The review identifies gaps in understanding mycotoxin mechanisms and articulates current commercialisation challenges for novel fungal strains intended for food applications.

Regional applicability

Given the United Kingdom's reliance on imported and domestically produced fermented foods, cheese manufacture, and processed foods vulnerable to fungal spoilage, this review's synthesis of contamination risks and safety standards is directly relevant to UK food safety regulation and industry practice. The findings are applicable to UK food manufacturers developing or sourcing fungal cultures for legitimate food production purposes.

Key measures

Qualitative synthesis of filamentous fungal species diversity, documented applications in food production, spoilage mechanisms, mycotoxin production pathways, and food safety concerns

Outcomes reported

The paper reviews both the beneficial industrial applications of filamentous fungi (biomass, protein, enzyme, and pigment production) and their negative impacts on food safety, including spoilage, mould growth, and mycotoxin contamination. The study examines current challenges in fungal strain commercialisation and their potential adverse health effects.

Theme
General food systems / other
Subject
Food processing & bioavailability
Study type
Narrative Review
Study design
Narrative review
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
System type
Food supply chain
DOI
10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117191
Catalogue ID
SNmoakvfwu-kzfobh

Topic tags

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