Summary
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) play a crucial role in enhancing plant development through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. These include the production of phytohormones, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore-mediated iron acquisition, and biocontrol of plant pathogens. Predominantly inhabiting the rhizosphere, PGPRs interact with plant roots via complex molecular and ecological processes involving signalling molecules, metabolite exchanges, and modulation of plant immune responses. Such interactions enhance nutrient uptake and stress tolerance but also contribute to long-term plant health and productivity across diverse environmental conditions. This review focuses on the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus, which are extensively studied for their s
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