Summary
Crop residues are of crucial importance to maintain or even increase soil carbon stocks and fertility, and thereby to address the global challenge of climate change mitigation. However, crop residues can also potentially stimulate emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) from soils. A better understanding of how to mitigate N<sub>2</sub>O emissions due to crop residue management while promoting positive effects on soil carbon is needed to reconcile the opposing effects of crop residues on the greenhouse gas balance of agroecosystems. Here, we combine a literature review and a meta-analysis to identify and assess measures for mitigating N<sub>2</sub>O emissions due to crop residue application to agricultural fields. Our study shows that crop residue removal, shallow in
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