Summary
Water-fertilizer coupling technology has emerged as a pivotal strategy in modern agriculture, recognized for its potential to enhance soil environmental quality, promote crop growth, and ensure sustainable resource utilization. With increasing global food demands and environmental concerns, optimizing agricultural practices is essential for achieving food security and ecological balance. This review aims to systematically review the direct impacts of water-fertilizer coupling on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, while elucidating the underlying mechanisms that drive crop responses. Additionally, it evaluates the optimization of water-fertilizer coupling technology and its associated environmental benefits. The findings indicate that water-fertilizer coupling signif
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