Summary
Globally, animal excreta (dung and urine) deposition onto grazed pastures represents more than half of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions. To account for these emissions, New Zealand currently employs urine and dung emission factor (EF<sub>3</sub>) values of 1.0% and 0.25%, respectively, for all livestock. These values are primarily based on field studies conducted on fertile, flatland pastures predominantly used for dairy cattle production but do not consider emissions from hill land pastures primarily used for sheep, deer and non-dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable urine and dung EF<sub>3</sub> values for dairy cattle, non-dairy cattle, and sheep grazing pastures on different slopes based on a meta-analysis of New Zealand EF<su
Dig deeper with Pulse AI.
Pulse AI has read the whole catalogue. Ask about this record, its theme, or how the findings apply to UK farming and policy — every answer cites the underlying studies.