Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewedRegenerative

Nitrogen use efficiency in mixed crop-livestock systems: insights for sustainable intensification

Fabiana Pereyra-Goday, Jesús Castillo, Pablo Rovira, Walter Ayala, Michael R. F. Lee, M. Jordana Rivero

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · 2025

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Summary

This four-year field study evaluated nitrogen use efficiency metrics across four pasture-crop rotation systems in Uruguay, ranging from continuous cropping to continuous pasture. The findings reveal substantial variation in crop NUE (62.5–83.8%), livestock NUE (5.5–24.4%), and system NUE (5.5–43.4%), with pasture-inclusive systems retaining significantly more soil nitrogen than continuous cropping. The results suggest that rotation design and grazing management are critical levers for optimising nitrogen resource efficiency and moving toward sustainable intensification.

Regional applicability

The findings on nitrogen retention benefits of pasture-based rotations are broadly relevant to UK mixed farming systems, particularly in lowland areas where crop-pasture rotations remain common. However, the study's focus on tall fescue pastures in a temperate South American climate may require adaptation to UK grassland species composition and management practices.

Key measures

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE; % of N in food outputs relative to total N inputs), nitrogen surplus (NSURP; total N inputs minus N in food products), nitrogen balance (N retained; inputs minus food outputs and losses)

Outcomes reported

The study measured and compared nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen surplus, and nitrogen balance across four pasture-crop rotation systems of varying intensity over a four-year period (2019–2022). Component-level (crop and livestock) and system-level metrics were quantified to identify differences in nutrient retention and resource efficiency.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Grassland & pasture systems
Study type
Research
Study design
Field trial
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Uruguay
System type
Mixed farming
DOI
10.3389/fsufs.2025.1522557
Catalogue ID
SNmohku1ca-ueqtkz

Topic tags

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