Summary
Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N<sub>r</sub>) has been a cause of serious environmental pollution in China. Historically, China used too little N<sub>r</sub> in its agriculture to feed its population. However, with the rapid increase in N fertilizer use for food production and fossil fuel consumption for energy supply over the last four decades, increasing gaseous N<sub>r</sub> species (e.g. NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<i><sub>x</sub></i>) have been emitted to the atmosphere and then deposited as wet and dry deposition, with adverse impacts on air, water and soil quality as well as plant biodiversity and human health. This paper reviews the issues associated with this in a holistic way. The emissions, deposition, impacts, actions and regulations for the mitigation of atmospheric N<sub>r</sub> are
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