Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 1 — Meta-analysis / systematic reviewPeer-reviewed

Half of global methane emissions come from highly variable aquatic ecosystem sources

Judith A. Rosentreter, Alberto Borges, Bridget R. Deemer, Meredith A. Holgerson, Shaoda Liu, Chunlin Song, John M. Mélack, Peter A. Raymond, Carlos M. Duarte, George H. Allen, David Olefeldt, Benjamin Poulter, Tom J. Battin, Bradley D. Eyre

Nature Geoscience · 2021

Read source ↗ All evidence

Summary

This 2021 Nature Geoscience synthesis consolidates published evidence indicating that aquatic ecosystems contribute approximately 50% of global methane emissions, substantially exceeding prior greenhouse gas inventory estimates. The authors highlight marked heterogeneity in emissions across ecosystem types, regions, and seasons as a significant challenge for national greenhouse gas accounting and climate monitoring. The findings suggest that aquatic methane emissions warrant substantially greater integration into climate policy and emissions accounting frameworks, though considerable uncertainty remains owing to methodological variability across source datasets.

Regional applicability

UK freshwater and coastal ecosystems (lakes, rivers, estuaries) likely contribute meaningfully to national greenhouse gas inventories in ways not currently fully captured. The findings support integration of aquatic methane emissions into UK climate policy frameworks and environmental monitoring protocols, particularly for carbon accounting and net-zero commitments.

Key measures

Global methane emissions from aquatic ecosystems as a proportion of total anthropogenic methane; spatial and temporal variability in emissions across ecosystem types and regions

Outcomes reported

The study synthesised published evidence on methane emissions from aquatic ecosystems (lakes, rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters) to quantify their contribution to global greenhouse gas budgets. The authors documented marked heterogeneity in emissions across ecosystem types, regions, and seasons.

Theme
Climate & resilience
Subject
Climate & greenhouse gas mitigation
Study type
Systematic Review
Study design
Systematic review
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Global
System type
Other
DOI
10.1038/s41561-021-00715-2
Catalogue ID
SNmoi1q7ci-rgzu5n

Topic tags

Pulse AI · ask about this record

Dig deeper with Pulse AI.

Pulse AI has read the whole catalogue. Ask about this record, its theme, or how the findings apply to UK farming and policy — every answer cites the underlying studies.