Summary
Abstract The banana plantation produces large amounts of agricultural biomass waste, mainly banana stems. This waste is generally discarded and left to rot on the planting land, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions due to anaerobic decomposition. This study aims to utilize banana stem waste as a second-generation biofuel raw material through a bioconversion process. The initial process begins with a preliminary treatment using the steam explosion (SE) method at a pressure of 25 ATM (250 °C) for a residence time of 5 minutes, resulting in a severity factor (R 0 ) of 4.35. This treatment aims to break down the lignocellulose structure and increase the availability of the cellulose fraction. Furthermore, the SE solids are extracted using water (water extraction/WE) and acetone (aceto
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