Summary
This study evaluates rice and potato yield simulation under varying irrigation regimes in subtropical India using the CERES–Rice and SUBSTOR–Potato models. Field data from 2018–2019 were used for model calibration and 2019–2020 for validation, showing strong agreement between observed and simulated yields over different treatments (RMSE n : 15.5% for rice grain yield, 10.5% for potato tuber fresh yield). Future climate projections under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios indicate a yield decline of less than 5% for irrigated rice, while rainfed rice may experience an 8–11% reduction. Potato fresh tuber yields could decline by 15% and 22% under furrow irrigation and by 17% and 25% under drip irrigation in RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. Agro–adaptation strategies were assessed to mitigate yie
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