Summary
This study assessed environmental gradients at different heights in a multi-tiered aviary and their relationship with hen spatial distribution. Two pens of an experimental aviary housing 225 Novogen hens (Novogen S.A.S., Plédran, France) each were monitored when their hens were 32-52 weeks old over three periods (January, March, and June). The environmental conditions (humidity, sound intensity, NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and particulate matter; PM: PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>4</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub>) were continuously recorded every 10 min, 24 h per day, at three heights (floor and middle and upper tiers) using an IoT-based system. Hen distribution was analysed using video recordings from 04:00 to 20:00, scanning 15 min for every 30 min of video. On the whole, the a
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