Summary
Consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables increases nitric oxide bioavailability, lowers blood pressure, and improves endothelial function. These effects could also translate into reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. This systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between habitual vegetable nitrate intake and CVD incidence and mortality. A secondary aim was to identify factors that moderate the relationship between vegetable nitrate intake and CVD incidence/mortality. Seven databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and APA PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 13 February 2023. Observational studies quantifying vegetable nitrate intake in participants aged 18+ years through self-reported dietary exposure and assessing incidence or
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