Summary
Purpose: Recently, the association between gut microbiota and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through the gut-retina axis has attracted great interest. However, the causal relationship between them has not been elucidated. Using publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and the occurrence of AMD. Methods: The study used a variety of quality control techniques to select instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with strong exposure associations. We used a set of SNPs as instrumental variable that were below the genome-wide statistical significance threshold (5 × 10-8). Additionally, a separate group of SNPs below the locus-
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