Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Qian Xu, Jing‐Jing Ni, Bai‐Xue Han, Shanshan Yan, Xin‐Tong Wei, Guijuan Feng, Hong Zhang, Lei Zhang, Bin Li, Yu‐Fang Pei

Frontiers in Immunology · 2022

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Summary

This Mendelian randomization study examined causal relationships between gut microbiota composition and six autoimmune diseases using published GWAS summary statistics. The analysis identified a causal association between higher Bifidobacterium genus abundance and increased risk of type 1 diabetes (OR 1.605) and coeliac disease (OR 1.401), with robust findings across discovery and replication samples and no evidence of reverse causation. The findings suggest that specific bacterial taxa may causally influence autoimmune disease development rather than merely associating with these conditions.

UK applicability

These findings are relevant to UK clinical practice and public health, as both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease have substantial prevalence in the UK population. However, the study provides mechanistic insight rather than direct therapeutic or dietary recommendations, and any translation to UK dietary or probiotic interventions would require further clinical trial evidence.

Key measures

Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and false discovery rate-adjusted P-values for associations between bacterial genera and autoimmune disease outcomes; sensitivity analyses to assess robustness; reverse MR analysis to evaluate reverse causation

Outcomes reported

The study identified causal associations between specific bacterial taxa and autoimmune disease risk using Mendelian randomization analysis of GWAS data. It measured odds ratios for the association between Bifidobacterium abundance and type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease risk.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Gut microbiome & human health
Study type
Research
Study design
Two-sample Mendelian randomization study with discovery and replication stages
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
International
System type
Human clinical
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2021.746998
Catalogue ID
SNmoj1xw2i-n2vlv5

Topic tags

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