Summary
Major depressive disorder is a common, disabling mental disorder characterized by extensive etiological and phenotypic heterogeneity. This heterogeneity makes treatment approaches imprecise and often ineffective. Insight into the underlying biological mechanisms underpinning depression and its subtypes may enable more personalized treatments. In this review, we provide an overview of immuno-metabolic depression and illustrate that significant immuno-metabolic dysregulations are present in about 20-30% of people with depression. Such immuno-metabolic depression is characterized by the clustering of 1) atypical, energy-related depressive symptoms such as hypersomnia, fatigue, hyperphagia, and possibly anhedonia, 2) systemic low-grade inflammation with elevated levels of e.g., C-reactive prot
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