Summary
Soil microbial communities are vital for ecosystem functions and are strongly affected by land use and climate change, yet the specific impacts in deeper topsoil layers remain unclear. This study investigates these effects across three topsoil layers after eight years of experimental treatments at the Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF) in order to unravel the role of different topsoil layers in the response of microbial communities to land use and climate change. Distinct effects of land use and climate change on microbial biomass, community structure, and functions in agroecosystems were observed, with the upper 15 cm of soil exhibiting the strongest responses, and more pronounced land use impacts than those of climate change. Although spring climate treatment including higher pre
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