Soil properties explain the variability in tire wear particle effects in soil based on a laboratory test with 59 soils

Summary

, respectively. These results highlighted the context-dependent nature of TWP pollution, with significant variability observed across different sampling points. Additionally, our findings suggest that TWP pollution is particularly of concern in soils with high clay, silt, high bulk density, and areas with intensive land-use intensity. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which TWPs impact soil, and how these effects are regulated by environmental factors.