Summary
The Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District in China has long been influenced by flood irrigation and intensive fertilizer input under its particular geological and climatic constraints, and this region is characterized by low soil organic matter, poor nutrient status, low permeability, high pH, and widespread salinization. This cross-sectional field study compared the soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities among saline–alkali soil (SAS), straw-returning farmland (SR), and traditionally managed farmland (FM). EC was higher in SAS (approximately 4.21 dS·m−1) than in SR and FM (approximately 0.23 and 0.30 dS·m−1, respectively), whereas TOC and C/N were higher in SR (approximately 1.00% and 10.58, respectively) than in FM (approximately 0.78% and 8.69) and SAS (approximate
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