Summary
Foliar fertilization can influence soil health by altering soil physicochemical properties and nutrient cycling processes; however, its underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Here, we compared soils under two treatments—foliar fertilizer application (YMF) and no foliar fertilizer (CK)—and elucidated their effects on paddy soil health and associated microbial mechanisms. Comprehensive analyses of soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and functional gene profiles were also conducted. We found that foliar fertilization enhanced soil physicochemical and biological properties, particularly pH, CEC, SOM, TN, AP, and MBC, resulting in an increase in the soil health index (SHI) from 0.805 to 0.906. Metagenomic analysis further revealed that foliar fertilization enr
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