Summary
Agricultural land occupies nearly half of the earth’s surface, and farming activities account for nearly 60% of total anthropogenic N2O emissions. The manufactured nitrogen (N) fertilizers applied to soils are major sources of N2O emissions from agricultural systems. Among the synthetic N fertilizers, urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid nitrogenous fertilizers and accounts for 66% of global synthetic N fertilizer use. Hence, efficient urea-N management is imperative for global N2O abatement. This review provides an update on advances in N2O-generating pathways, microbial mechanisms, abiotic and biotic regulating factors, and mitigation strategies. Nitrification inhibitors have been extensively studied as strategies to mitigate soil N2O emissions by decreasing nitrification a
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