Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 1 — Meta-analysis / systematic reviewPeer-reviewed

Evaluation of global research on agricultural nitrogen pollution between 1990 and 2023: Challenges for more efficacy and equity

J. Serra, J. Marinheiro, C.S.C. Marques-dos-Santos, M. Graversgaard, M. Quemada, L. Lassaletta, G.H. Ros, F. Giannini-Kurina, W. de Vries, E. Aguilera, H.J.M. van Grinsven, K. Hayashi, J. Mogollon, A. Sanz-Cobeña, T. Dalgaard, K. Butterbach-Bahl

Environmental Science & Policy · 2026

Read source ↗ All evidence

Summary

This global bibliometric assessment examines the distribution of peer-reviewed research on agricultural nitrogen pollution across five environmental threat domains (WAGES), comparing research output against regional nitrogen surplus as an indicator of problem severity. The authors reveal marked inequities: higher-income countries distribute research more evenly across pollution threats, whilst lower-income countries—responsible for half of global nitrogen losses—focus disproportionately on soil fertility and food security, with publications representing only 8% of the global total. The paper argues that targeted research capacity-building in lower-income regions represents a critical opportunity to simultaneously advance food security and reduce nitrogen pollution.

UK applicability

The UK, as a higher-income country, likely falls within the pattern of more even research distribution across nitrogen threats. However, the paper's findings on the necessity to align research investments with regional nitrogen surplus severity and to support locally led priorities may inform UK policy approaches to supporting agricultural research in lower-income trading partners and development contexts.

Key measures

Number of publications addressing nitrogen-related WAGES threats by region and income level; correlation between cropland nitrogen surplus and research output; proportion of publications from lower-income countries; research priority distribution across threat categories

Outcomes reported

The study assessed the alignment between global research outputs on nitrogen-related environmental threats (water quality, air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, ecosystems and biodiversity, and soil) and the severity of nitrogen surplus by region. It quantified regional disparities in research prioritisation and identified that lower-income countries account for only 8% of publications despite being responsible for half of global nitrogen losses.

Theme
Policy, governance & rights
Subject
Food & agricultural policy
Study type
Systematic Review
Study design
Systematic review and bibliometric analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Global
System type
Arable cereals
DOI
10.1016/j.envsci.2026.104312
Catalogue ID
SNmok6mj5h-ftt0mo

Topic tags

Pulse AI · ask about this record

Dig deeper with Pulse AI.

Pulse AI has read the whole catalogue. Ask about this record, its theme, or how the findings apply to UK farming and policy — every answer cites the underlying studies.