Summary
Climate projections at very high resolution (kilometre-scale grid spacing) are becoming affordable. These 'convection-permitting' models (CPMs), commonly used for weather forecasting, better represent land-surface characteristics and small-scale processes in the atmosphere such as convection. They provide a step change in our understanding of future changes at local scales and for extreme weather events. For short-duration precipitation extremes, this includes capturing local storm feedbacks, which may modify future increases. Despite the major advance CPMs offer, there are still key challenges and outstanding science issues. Heavy rainfall tends to be too intense; there are challenges in representing land-surface processes; sub-kilometre scale processes still need to be parametrized, with
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