Summary
This systematic and critical review examines greenhouse gas fluxes across Brazilian climate-smart agricultural and livestock systems, synthesising evidence on emissions from integrated crop-livestock-forest practices in tropical contexts. The authors evaluate the mitigation potential of such systems whilst highlighting methodological variability and data gaps in existing literature. The work contributes to understanding trade-offs and co-benefits of climate-smart farming in Brazil's agricultural landscape.
Regional applicability
Findings are specific to Brazilian tropical and subtropical agroecosystems and climate-smart practice contexts; direct applicability to United Kingdom temperate farming is limited. However, methodological insights on GHG measurement protocols and systematic appraisal of integrated farming systems may inform UK research design and policy evaluation of low-carbon farming transitions.
Key measures
Greenhouse gas fluxes (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O emissions); carbon sequestration rates; soil carbon stocks; emissions intensity per unit production
Outcomes reported
This systematic review synthesised evidence on greenhouse gas fluxes (primarily CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) across Brazilian climate-smart agricultural and integrated crop-livestock-forest systems. The study assessed mitigation potential and identified research gaps in GHG quantification across diverse tropical farming contexts.
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