Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Sustainable intensification: time to question the goal of ever-increasing agricultural production

Gabriel Y.K. Moinet, Michiel H. in ‘t Zandt, Jan Hassink, Johanna Schild, Rosa Boone, Henk Martens, Carmen Vázquez, Peter M. van Bodegom, Chenguang Gao, N.J.M. van Eekeren, Marie J. Zwetsloot, Howard Koster, Marta Loreggian, giulia vultaggio, Deborah J. de Groot, Rachel Creamer

Geoderma · 2025

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Summary

This empirical study demonstrates that increased land use intensity in agricultural systems improves primary production and nutrient cycling functions but simultaneously reduces climate regulation and biodiversity habitat provision in soils. By restricting analysis to a narrow geographic region and combining detailed commercial farm management data with multifunctional soil assessment, the authors isolate management effects from pedoclimatic variability. The findings indicate fundamental trade-offs between production-focused management and broader soil multifunctionality, suggesting that sustainable intensification frameworks require reframing beyond field-scale production metrics.

Regional applicability

The study was conducted in the eastern Netherlands and may have direct applicability to similar temperate European agricultural contexts, including the United Kingdom, particularly for intensive grassland and arable systems. However, findings would benefit from validation across diverse UK soil types, climates, and management systems before informing UK policy or practice.

Key measures

Land use intensity calculated from 11 management indicators; soil functions quantified using the Soil Navigator Decision Support System across 45 grasslands and 37 croplands

Outcomes reported

The study quantified how land use intensity (LUI) affects multiple soil functions—including primary production, nutrient cycling, water regulation, climate regulation, and biodiversity habitat—across 82 commercial farms in grasslands and croplands under conventional, organic, and semi-natural management. Higher LUI improved primary production and nutrient cycling but reduced climate regulation and habitat for biodiversity.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Soil health assessment & monitoring
Study type
Research
Study design
Observational field study
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Netherlands
System type
Mixed farming
DOI
10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117555
Catalogue ID
SNmomgxwis-79inp6

Topic tags

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