Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Maize Biomass Yield: Leveraging Feature Engineering and Comprehensive Data Integration

Maryam Abbasi, Paulo Váz, José Silva, Pedro Martins

Sustainability · 2025

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Summary

This study applies advanced machine learning techniques (GBMs, RFs, SVMs, and ANNs) to predict maize biomass yield across United States agricultural regions, integrating engineered soil and environmental features. An ensemble approach combining GBMs, RFs, and ANNs achieved superior performance (RMSE 0.80 t/ha, R² 0.89), with SHAP analysis identifying Soil Fertility Index, Growing Degree Days, and cumulative rainfall as the most influential predictors. The work emphasises the utility of hybrid modelling for precision agriculture applications and rural environmental governance, whilst acknowledging the need for further investigation into cultural and political factors affecting farmer participation.

Regional applicability

The findings derive from United States data and may have limited direct applicability to United Kingdom cropping conditions, which differ substantially in climate, soil types, and growing season length. However, the methodological framework—feature engineering, ensemble modelling, and SHAP-based interpretability—could be adapted to UK maize production systems and other temperate cereals if locally calibrated with UK environmental and agronomic data.

Key measures

Biomass yield (t/ha); RMSE (0.80 t/ha); R² (0.89); Soil Fertility Index; Growing Degree Days; cumulative rainfall; SHAP feature importance values

Outcomes reported

The study developed and validated machine learning models to predict corn biomass yield using environmental, soil, and crop management data. Performance metrics included root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R²) for ensemble and individual model approaches.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Arable cropping systems
Study type
Research
Study design
Field trial / observational data modelling study
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
United States
System type
Arable cereals
DOI
10.3390/su17010256
Catalogue ID
SNmomgy1pt-88cg85

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