Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Digital Soil Mapping of Soil Macronutrients (N, P, K) in Emilia-Romagna (NE Italy): A Regional Baseline for the EU Soil Monitoring Law

Fabrizio Ungaro, Paola Tarocco, Alessandra Aprea

Land · 2025

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Summary

This study presents comprehensive digital soil maps of three key macronutrients (N, P, K) across Emilia-Romagna in north-east Italy, derived from a large regional soil database (n=34,750) using quantile random forests modelling. The maps reveal substantial geographical variation, particularly for phosphorus, with the alluvial plain showing higher available P (40.4 mg kg⁻¹) than the Apennines (15.2 mg kg⁻¹), whilst nitrogen and potassium distributions differ more modestly between landforms. This work provides a spatially explicit baseline for regional soil fertility assessment and supports compliance with EU soil monitoring legislation.

UK applicability

The methodological approach (digital soil mapping via quantile random forests applied to large regional soil databases) is directly transferable to UK soil monitoring programmes and could support DEFRA's soil health monitoring framework. However, the specific nutrient thresholds and distributions are regionally specific to Italy's climatic, geological and management contexts, and UK soils would require their own regional mapping exercises for direct applicability.

Key measures

Total nitrogen (g kg⁻¹), exchangeable potassium (mg kg⁻¹), and available phosphorus (mg kg⁻¹) in 0–30 cm topsoil layer; spatial uncertainty estimates at 100 m resolution; comparison with LUCAS EU baseline data

Outcomes reported

The study produced high-resolution (100 m) digital maps of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the topsoil (0–30 cm) across Emilia-Romagna using quantile random forests applied to 34,750 regional soil samples. Results showed distinct macronutrient profiles between the intensively cultivated alluvial plain and extensively managed Apennine mountains, providing a regional baseline for EU soil monitoring compliance.

Theme
Measurement & metrics
Subject
Soil fertility & nutrient management
Study type
Research
Study design
Field survey with digital soil mapping modelling
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Italy
System type
Mixed farming
DOI
10.3390/land14112142
Catalogue ID
SNmoppcc9e-u402xe

Topic tags

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