Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Straw-based bioenergy can be an effective climate change mitigation strategy, but only if soil emission debts due to straw removal are considered

Anna Rita Bernadette Cammerino, Pasquale Garofalo, Massimo Monteleone

Biomass and Bioenergy · 2026

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Summary

This paper presents a life-cycle modelling approach integrating soil greenhouse gas emission debts into the calculation of optimal bioenergy plant supply radius. Using wheat systems in southern Italy as a case study, the authors developed a deterministic equation incorporating upstream field conditions, straw removal impacts, and downstream energy plant operations. The work demonstrates that failure to account for long-term soil carbon and emission impacts from systematic straw removal results in economically-motivated but climatically suboptimal plant sizing, advocating for conservative, case-by-case soil GHG burden assessments.

UK applicability

The methodology is potentially applicable to UK cereal production systems, though the specific soil dynamics and climate parameters modelled for southern Italy may differ from cooler, wetter UK conditions. UK bioenergy policy and agricultural carbon accounting frameworks could benefit from similar integrated soil emission considerations when evaluating crop residue removal sustainability.

Key measures

Greenhouse gas emissions (including soil emission debts), optimal biomass supply radius, climate mitigation capacity, soil fertility impacts under different wheat cropping and straw management systems

Outcomes reported

The study developed a deterministic equation to calculate optimal biomass supply radius for bioenergy plants whilst accounting for soil greenhouse gas emission debts from straw removal. The work demonstrated that neglecting long-term soil carbon dynamics from systematic straw removal significantly underestimates climate costs and results in oversized bioenergy plants not aligned with genuine climate mitigation objectives.

Theme
Climate & resilience
Subject
Climate & greenhouse gas mitigation
Study type
Research
Study design
Field trial / systems modelling study
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Italy
System type
Arable cereals
DOI
10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109023
Catalogue ID
SNmov0fia4-qsou7y

Topic tags

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