Summary
This global meta-analysis of 1,782 paired observations demonstrates that converting natural ecosystems to managed agriculture reduces soil nitrogen availability (7.5% decrease in NNM) whilst substantially increasing potential nitrogen losses (150% increase in NN). Conversely, restoring managed land to natural ecosystems improves nitrogen supply (20% increase in NNM) and reduces loss pathways (89% decrease in NN). Structural equation modelling identified soil organic matter, microbial biomass, bulk density and pH as critical mediators, with effects most pronounced in tropical and subtropical regions.
UK applicability
The findings have relevance to UK agriculture, particularly for policy on land use transitions and soil management, though the analysis indicates effects are strongest in tropical and subtropical regions. UK farmers and policymakers may benefit from the emphasis on increasing soil organic matter and enhancing soil structural development as strategies to improve nitrogen supply and reduce environmental losses.
Key measures
Net nitrogen mineralisation (NNM; percentage change), net nitrification (NN; percentage change), soil organic matter content, bulk density, microbial biomass, pH, fertiliser and manure application rates
Outcomes reported
The study quantified how conversion from natural to managed ecosystems affects soil net nitrogen mineralisation (NNM) and net nitrification (NN) across 1,782 paired observations globally. It also identified soil properties and management practices as key mediators of these nitrogen cycling changes.
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